恶意代码动态分析对抗与反对抗技术综述

王晨阳; 彭国军; 杨秀璋; 周逸林

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025063

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恶意代码动态分析对抗与反对抗技术综述

综述 | 更新时间：2026-01-28

- 恶意代码动态分析对抗与反对抗技术综述
- Survey on malicious code dynamic analysis evasion and anti-evasion techniques
- 网络与信息安全学报 2025年11卷第6期页码：1-16
- 作者机构：
  
  1.空天信息安全与可信计算教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072
  2.武汉大学国家网络安全学院，湖北武汉 430072
  3.贵州大学公共大数据国家重点实验室，贵州贵阳 550025
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "王晨阳（1996- ），男，河南新野人，武汉大学博士生，主要研究方向为恶意代码分析。" ]
  [ "彭国军（1979- ），男，湖北荆州人，武汉大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为网络安全、信息系统安全。" ]
  [ "杨秀璋（1991- ），男，贵州施秉人，贵州大学副教授，主要研究方向为威胁情报感知、恶意代码分析。" ]
  [ "周逸林（1998- ），男，湖北荆州人，武汉大学博士生，主要研究方向为系统安全、固件安全。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62172308;61972297;62172144;62562012);贵州省基础研究计划(MS[2025]686)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025063
  中图分类号： TP309.5
- 收稿：2025-04-30，
  
  修回：2025-05-24，
  
  纸质出版：2025-12-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王晨阳, 彭国军, 杨秀璋, 等. 恶意代码动态分析对抗与反对抗技术综述[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(6): 1-16.

WANG Chenyang, PENG Guojun, YANG Xiuzhang, et al. Survey on malicious code dynamic analysis evasion and anti-evasion techniques[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(6): 1-16.
王晨阳, 彭国军, 杨秀璋, 等. 恶意代码动态分析对抗与反对抗技术综述[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(6): 1-16. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025063.

WANG Chenyang, PENG Guojun, YANG Xiuzhang, et al. Survey on malicious code dynamic analysis evasion and anti-evasion techniques[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(6): 1-16. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025063.

摘要

动态分析是恶意代码分析与检测的关键技术，能够刻画样本在运行时的真实行为特征。在攻防博弈的过程中，恶意代码采用动态分析对抗技术逃避分析，安全研究人员则通过反对抗技术提升分析系统应对规避型恶意软件的能力。已有综述大多聚焦于攻防技术的设计与实现，缺乏对其与恶意代码动态分析各核心环节之间关联的系统梳理。为此，该研究以恶意代码动态分析的工作流程为主线，从攻防对抗的视角出发，对相关技术进行了系统综述。首先，介绍了动态分析的典型工作流程；其次，总结了对抗技术的设计与实现方式，包括恶意载荷隐藏、分析环境感知、行为捕获逃避及分析模型欺骗技术，剖析其规避机制；再次，整理与归纳了相应的反对抗技术，包括恶意载荷捕获、环境感知规避、行为触发与监控增强及分析模型增强技术，揭示动态分析系统演变背后的攻防对抗逻辑；最后，探讨了恶意代码动态分析领域未来的发展趋势与重点研究方向，以期为恶意代码分析与检测研究提供参考。

Abstract

Dynamic analysis serves as a fundamental technique in malicious code analysis and detection

enabling the observation of real-time behaviors exhibited by malicious samples. In the ongoing adversarial arms race

malicious code employs dynamic analysis evasion techniques to evade detection

while defenders develop countermeasures to enhance the capability of dynamic analysis systems to cope with evasive malware. Existing surveys predominantly focus on the design and implementation of individual offensive and defensive techniques

lacking a comprehensive examination of their integration with the core stages of dynamic malicious code analysis. To address this limitation

a systematic survey of evasion techniques and anti-evasion techniques was conducted from an adversarial perspective

structured around the dynamic analysis workflow. First

the typical workflow of malicious code dynamic analysis was introduced. Next

the design and implementation methods of evasion techniques were summarized

including malware payload hiding

environment detection

behavior capture evasion

and analysis model deception

and their evasion strategies were analyzed. Then

the corresponding countermeasures were reviewed

including malicious payload extraction

evasion-resistant environment construction

behavior triggering and monitoring enhancements

and model hardening

and the adversarial interplay driving the evolution of dynamic analysis systems was revealed. Finally

the future development trends and key research directions in the field of dynamic analysis of malicious code were discussed

with the aim of providing references for the research on malicious code analysis and detection.

关键词

Keywords

references

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