量子秘密共享研究进展与展望

廖骎; 黄磊; 费焯迎

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025039

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量子秘密共享研究进展与展望

综述 | 更新时间：2025-09-12

- 量子秘密共享研究进展与展望
- Progress and prospect of quantum secret sharing
- 网络与信息安全学报 2025年11卷第4期页码：1-14
- 作者机构：
  
  湖南大学信息科学与工程学院，湖南长沙 410082
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "廖骎（1990- ），男，湖南长沙人，博士，湖南大学副教授，主要研究方向为量子保密通信、量子计算和网络安全。" ]
  [ "黄磊（2000- ），男，江西上饶人，湖南大学硕士生，主要研究方向为量子保密通信。" ]
  [ "费焯迎（2000- ），女，河南许昌人，湖南大学硕士生，主要研究方向为量子保密通信。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(62101180);湖南省自然科学基金(2025QK3011)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025039
  中图分类号： TN918.1
- 收稿：2025-01-13，
  
  修回：2025-03-17，
  
  纸质出版：2025-08-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
廖骎, 黄磊, 费焯迎. 量子秘密共享研究进展与展望[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(4): 1-14.

Format: LIAO Q, HUANG L, FEI Z Y. Progress and prospect of quantum secret sharing[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(4): 1-14.
廖骎, 黄磊, 费焯迎. 量子秘密共享研究进展与展望[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(4): 1-14. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025039.

Format: LIAO Q, HUANG L, FEI Z Y. Progress and prospect of quantum secret sharing[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(4): 1-14. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025039.

摘要

在量子秘密共享（quantum secret sharing

QSS）中，秘密的分发者将秘密信息编码在量子态上发送给参与者，参与者通过协作才能恢复加密信息。基于量子力学的基本原理，QSS在理论层面具备实现无条件安全秘密共享的潜力，这一特性使其成为学术界和产业界的研究热点。为系统梳理QSS的研究脉络与发展趋势，对QSS研究工作进行了全面调研与深入分析。在调研过程中，将QSS分为离散变量和连续变量两大类别。首先对这两类QSS的发展历程展开详细阐述，系统总结各协议在量子态类型、共享秘密类别、门限设定方式及验证方法等方面的关键特征。在此基础上，结合未来实际应用需求，对QSS的发展方向进行前瞻性探讨。未来的QSS技术不仅需要在实际应用中尽可能逼近理论层面的无条件安全性，还需具备便捷高效的实施特性以提升可行性，同时要满足大规模量子网络构建对规模性的要求。此外，高实用性（适应多样化实际需求）、低耦合普适性（模块化设计以增强系统灵活性）及跨领域拓展性（与其他技术领域融合）也将成为重要发展方向。在技术实现层面，当前QSS仍面临诸多挑战，如具备灵活性与通用性的QSS方案相对匮乏、计算和通信资源开销较大、缺乏具备兼容性和通用性的秘密分割与重构算法。这些技术瓶颈亟待突破，以推动 QSS从理论研究向实际应用的转化。

Abstract

In quantum secret sharing (QSS)

secret information was encoded onto quantum states by a secret distributor and distributed to participants

where decoding could only be achieved through cooperative efforts. Based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics

QSS was theoretically recognized to possess the potential for unconditional security

which established its status as a research hotspot in both academic and industrial communities. To systematically map the research lineage and developmental trends of QSS

comprehensive investigations and in-depth analyses of QSS studies were conducted. Throughout the research process

QSS schemes were categorized into two primary classes: discrete variable and continuous variable. The evolutionary trajectories of these two categories were elaborated in detail

with key features—including types of quantum states

categories of secrets

threshold configurations

and verification methodologies—systematically summarized and compared across protocols. Building on this foundation

forward-looking discussions regarding future development directions of QSS were proposed

aligned with practical application requirements. It was concluded that future QSS technologies should not only approach theoretical unconditional security in real-world implementations but also exhibit high operational efficiency to enhance feasibility while meeting scalability demands for large-scale quantum network construction. Furthermore

high practicality (adapting to diverse application scenarios)

low-coupling universality (enabling modular design for improved flexibility)

and cross-domain extensibility (integration with other technological fields) were identified as critical developmental priorities. In addition

technical challenges related to the practical implementation of QSS were systematically examined. It was recognized that a scarcity of QSS schemes integrating both flexibility and universality persists. Other major challenges included high computational and communication overhead

as well as the absence of compatible and universal algorithms for secret splitting and reconstruction.

关键词

Keywords

references

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