基于可追责断言的支付通道网络性能优化研究

李雯琪; 应作斌; 臧嘉威; 熊金波; 刘西蒙

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025007

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

基于可追责断言的支付通道网络性能优化研究

学术论文 | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- 基于可追责断言的支付通道网络性能优化研究
- Performance optimization research of payment channel network based on accountable assertions
- 网络与信息安全学报 2025年11卷第1期页码：66-78
- 作者机构：
  
  1.澳门城市大学数据科学学院，澳门 999078
  2.福建师范大学计算机与网络空间安全学院，福建福州 350117
  3.福建师范大学福建省网络安全与密码技术重点实验室，福建福州 350007
  4.福州大学计算机与大数据学院，福建福州 350108
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "李雯琪（1999- ），女，山东枣庄人，澳门城市大学博士生，主要研究方向为区块链理论及应用。" ]
  [ "应作斌（1982- ），男，安徽芜湖人，澳门城市大学副助理教授，主要研究方向为区块链理论及应用、隐私计算、云边端协同安全。" ]
  [ "臧嘉威（1998- ），男，山东平度人，主要研究方向为中等规模轻工业物联网。" ]
  [ "熊金波（1981- ），男，湖南益阳人，博士，福建师范大学教授，主要研究方向为安全深度学习、移动群智感知、隐私保护技术。" ]
  [ "刘西蒙（1988- ），男，陕西西安人，博士，福州大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为密码学与人工智能安全。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金（NSFC）-澳门科学技术发展基金（FDCT）联合科研项目(0051/2022/AFJ)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025007
  中图分类号： TP309
- 收稿：2024-05-27，
  
  修回：2025-01-20，
  
  纸质出版：2025-02-25
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
李雯琪, 应作斌, 臧嘉威, 等. 基于可追责断言的支付通道网络性能优化研究[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(1): 66-78.

LI W Q, YING Z B, ZANG J W, et al. Performance optimization research of payment channel network based on accountable assertions[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(1): 66-78.
李雯琪, 应作斌, 臧嘉威, 等. 基于可追责断言的支付通道网络性能优化研究[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(1): 66-78. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025007.

LI W Q, YING Z B, ZANG J W, et al. Performance optimization research of payment channel network based on accountable assertions[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(1): 66-78. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025007.

摘要

针对区块链技术在区块大小和生成速率上的固有限制导致的可扩展性问题，支付通道网络（payment channel network，PCN）提供了链下扩容的有效方案。然而，传统的使用可锁定结构的PCN存在以下两个缺点：存在作恶方时该结构只能结束交易过程，却无法对恶意行为者实施识别与惩罚；某一笔交易需要复盘时，PCN中出现的所有交易都需要恢复，导致巨大的计算开销。鉴于此，提出了一种基于可追责断言性能优化的支付通道网络方案——AAPO-PCN（accountable assertions performance optimization-payment channel network）。AAPO-PCN通过引进可追责断言算法，构建了一种可编辑的Merkle树结构。不同于传统Merkle树，该方案采用变色龙哈希函数替换原有哈希算法，并整合可追责断言机制，旨在有效识别恶意用户。通过这种方式，不仅令相关交易的恢复更加高效，同时也大幅减少了计算开销。最后提供了全面的安全性分析与实验，结果表明，AAPO-PCN在不牺牲安全性的情况下，具有更优的计算效率与通信开销。

Abstract

Restricted by block size and the block generation rate

cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin were unable to significantly improve their scalability through on-chain approaches. Payment channel networks (PCN) were recognized as one of the most important methods to achieve scalability through off-chain modes. However

traditional PCN utilizing a lockable structure were found to have two major drawbacks. First

in the presence of malicious parties

this structure could only terminate the transaction process but could not identify or punish the malicious actors. Second

when a specific transaction needed to be reviewed

all transactions within the PCN had to be recovered

resulting in significant computational overhead. To address these issues

a scheme called accountable assertions performance optimization-payment channel network (AAPO-PCN) was proposed. In this scheme

an accountable assertion algorithm was introduced to construct an editable Merkle tree. Unlike the standard Merkle tree

the chameleon hash function was used to replace the original hash function

and accountable assertions were integrated to identify malicious users. This approach ensured that only the related transactions needed to be recovered

thereby improving efficiency. Finally

a comprehensive security analysis and experimental evaluation were conducted

demonstrating that AAPO-PCN achieved superior computational efficiency and reduced communication overhead without compromising security.

关键词

Keywords

references

KHAN N , STATE R . Lightning network: A comparative review of transaction fees and data analysis [C ] // International Congress on Blockchain and Applications . 2019 : 11 - 18 .

AUMAYR L , MAFFEI M , ERSOY O , et al . Bitcoin-compatible virtual channels [C ] // 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) . 2021 : 901 - 18 .

FLORIAN M , HENNINGSEN S , BEAUCAMP S , et al . Erasing data from blockchain nodes [C ] // 2019 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW) . 2019 : 367 - 376 .

WOOD G . Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger [J ] . Ethereum Project Yellow Paper , 2014 , 151 : 1 - 32 .

AVARIKIOTI Z , KOKORIS-KOGIAS E , WATTENHOFER R , et al . B rick: Asynchronous incentive-compatible payment channels [C ] // Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 25th International Conference , 2021 : 209 - 230 .

ZYSKIND G , NATHAN O . Decentralizing privacy: Using blockchain to protect personal data [C ] // 2015 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops . 2015 : 180 - 184 .

SOMPOLINSKY Y , ZOHAR A . Secure high-rate transaction processing in bitcoin [C ] // Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 19th International Conference , 2015 : 507 - 527 .

MIAO Y , DENG R H , CHOO K-K R , et al . Optimized verifiable fine-grained keyword search in dynamic multi-owner settings [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing , 2019 , 18 ( 4 ): 1804 - 1820 .

MIAO Y , DENG R H , LIU X , et al . Multi-authority attribute-based keyword search over encrypted cloud data [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing , 2019 , 18 ( 4 ): 1667 - 1680 .

ZHANG Z , ZHU D , FAN W . Qpbft: Practical byzantine fault tolerance consensus algorithm based on quantified-role [C ] // 2020 IEEE 19th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom) . 2020 : 991 - 997 .

AVARIKIOTI Z , PIETRZAK K , SALEM I , et al . Hide & seek: Privacy-preserving rebalancing on payment channel networks [C ] // International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security . 2022 : 358 - 373 .

TIKHOMIROV S , MORENO-SANCHEZ P , MAFFEI M . A quantitative analysis of security, anonymity and scalability for the lightning network [C ] // 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW) . 2020 : 387 - 396 .

PAPADIS N , TASSIULAS L . State-dependent processing in payment channel networks for throughput optimization [J ] . arXiv Preprint arXiv: 210317207 , 2021 .

AVARIKIOTI Z , THYFRONITIS LITOS O S , WATTENHOFER R . Cerberus channels: Incentivizing watchtowers for bitcoin [C ] // Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 24th International Conference , 2020 : 346 - 366 .

刘懿中 , 姜楠 , 陈若楠 , 等区块链链下通道研究综述 [J ] . 密码学报 , 2024 , 11 ( 1 ): 45 - 66 .

LIU Y Z , JIANG N , CHEN R N , LIU J W . Overview on blockchain off-Chain channels [J ] . Journal of Cryptologic Research , 2024 , 11 ( 1 ): 45 - 66 .

BAGARIA V , NEU J , TSE D . Boomerang: Redundancy improves latency and throughput in payment-channel networks [C ] // International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security . 2020 : 304 - 324 .

VAN DAM G , KADIR R A , NOHUDDIN P N , et al . Improvements of the balance discovery attack on lightning network payment channels [C ] // IFIP International Conference on ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection . 2020 : 313 - 323 .

MALAVOLTA G , MORENO-SANCHEZ P , KATE A , et al . Concurrency and privacy with payment-channel networks [C ] // Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security . 2017 : 455 - 471 .

DZIEMBOWSKI S , ECKEY L , FAUST S , et al . Perun: Virtual payment hubs over cryptocurrencies [C ] // 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) . 2019 : 106 - 123 .

MILLER A , BENTOV I , BAKSHI S , et al . Sprites and state channels: Payment networks that go faster than lightning [C ] // International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security . 2019 : 508 - 526 .

YU X , THANG M S , LI Y , et al . Collusion attacks and fair time-locked deposits for fast-payment transactions in Bitcoin [J ] . Journal of Computer Security , 2019 , 27 ( 3 ): 375 - 403 .

MIZRAHI A , ZOHAR A . Congestion attacks in payment channel networks [C ] // International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security . 2021 : 170 - 188 .

ROHRER E , TSCHORSCH F . Counting down thunder: Timing attacks on privacy in payment channel networks [C ] // Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies . 2020 : 214 - 427 .

KHALIL R , GERVAIS A . Revive: Rebalancing off-blockchain payment networks [C ] // Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Sigsac Conference on Computer and Communications Security . 2017 : 439 - 453 .

GENNARO R , GENTRY C , PARNO B , et al . Quadratic span programs and succinct NIZKs without PCPs [C ] // Advances in Cryptology–EUROCRYPT 2013: 32nd Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques , 2013 : 626 - 645 .

YU B , LI X , ZHAO H . Virtual block group: A scalable blockchain model with partial node storage and distributed hash table [J ] . The Computer Journal , 2020 , 63 ( 10 ): 1524 - 1536 .

YU B , KERMANSHAHI S K , SAKZAD A , et al . Chameleon hash time-lock contract for privacy preserving payment channel networks [C ] // Provable Security: 13th International Conference , 2019 , 303 - 318 .

FAN S , CHEN Y . Editable blockchain scheme based on shamir chameleon hash secret sharing [C ] // 2022 IEEE 6th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC) . 2022 : 1125 - 1128 .

TRIPATHY S , MOHANTY S K . Mappcn: Multi-hop anonymous and privacy-preserving payment channel network [C ] // International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security . 2020 : 481 - 495 .

解岩凯 , 魏凌波 , 张驰 . 面向区块链轻节点的支付通道瞭望塔技术研究 [J ] . 密码学报 , 2021 , 8 ( 5 ): 778 - 794 .

XIE Y K , WEI L B , ZHANG C , WANG Q T , SUN Q B . On watchtower of payment channel for blockchain light nodes [J ] . Journal of Cryptologic Research , 2021 , 8 ( 5 ): 778 - 794 .

POON J , BUTERIN V . Plasma: Scalable autonomous smart contracts [M ] . White paper , 2017 : 1 - 47 .

POON J , DRYJA T . The bitcoin lightning network: Scalable off-chain instant payments [EB ] . 2016 .

GREEN M , MIERS I . Bolt: Anonymous payment channels for decentralized currencies [C ] // Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security . 2017 : 473 - 489 .

郭朝 , 郭帅印 , 张胜利 , 等 . 区块链跨链技术分析 [J ] . 物联网学报 , 2020 , 4 ( 2 ): 35 - 48 .

GUO Z , GUO S Y , ZHANG S L , SONG L Y , WANG H . Analysis of cross-chain technology of blockchain [J ] . Chinese Journal on Internet of Things , 2020 , 4 ( 2 ): 35 - 48 .

康博涵 , 章宁 , 朱建明 . 基于区块链的智能服务交易跨链服务框架与通信机制 [J ] . 网络与信息安全学报 , 2021 , 7 ( 3 ): 105 - 114 .

KANG B H , ZHANG N , ZHU J N . Research on inter-blockchain service framework and communication mechanism based on smart service transaction [J ] . Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security , 2021 , 7 ( 3 ): 105 - 114 .

THYAGARAJAN S A , MALAVOLTA G , MORENO-SANCHEZ P . Universal atomic swaps: Secure exchange of coins across all blockchains [C ] // 2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) . 2022 : 1299 - 1316 .

GUO Y , XU M , YU D , et al . Cross-channel: Scalable off-chain channels supporting fair and atomic cross-chain operations [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Computers , 2023 .

QIN X , PAN S , MIRZAEI A , et al . Blindhub: Bitcoin-compatible privacy-preserving payment channel hubs supporting variable amounts [C ] // 2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) . 2023 : 2462 - 2480 .

刘峰 , 张嘉淏 , 周俊杰 , 等 . 基于改进哈希时间锁的区块链跨链资产交互协议 [J ] . 计算机科学 , 2022 , 49 ( 1 ): 336 - 344 .

LIU F , ZHANG J H , ZHOU J J , et al . Novel Hash-time-lock-contract based cross-chain token swap mechanism of blockchain [J ] . Computer Science , 2022 , 49 ( 1 ): 336 - 344 .

RUFFING T , KATE A , SCHRöDER D . Liar , liar , coins on fire! Penalizing equivocation by loss of bitcoins [C ] // Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security . 2015 : 219 - 230 .

TIAN Y , LI Y , SENGUPTA B , et al . Anonymous asynchronous payment channel from k-time accountable assertion [C ] // Cryptology and Network Security: 18th International Conference (CANS 2019). 2019 : 512 - 524 .

SMITH C , RUSNAK A . Dynamic Merkle B-tree with efficient proofs [J ] . arXiv preprint arXiv: 200601994 , 2020 .

CASTELLON C , ROY S , KREIDL P , et al . Energy efficient merkle trees for blockchains [C ] // 2021 IEEE 20th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom) . 2021 : 1093 - 1099 .

JOURENKO M , LARANGEIRA M , TANAKA K . Payment trees: Low collateral payments for payment channel networks [C ] // Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 25th International Conference , 2021 : 189 - 208 .

LEE D , PARK N . Blockchain based privacy preserving multimedia intelligent video surveillance using secure Merkle tree [J ] . Multimedia Tools and Applications , 2021 , 80 ( 26 ): 34517 - 34534 .

ALFAIDI A , SEMWAL S . The right to be forgotten: Privacy and security in blockchain with multi-authority based chameleon hash function map-abch solution [C ] // Future of Information and Communication Conference . 2022 : 861 - 876 .

ZHANG Y , YANG D , XUE G . Cheapay: An optimal algorithm for fee minimization in blockchain-based payment channel networks [C ] // ICC 2019 - 2019 ieee international conference on communications 2019 : 1 - 6 .

THYAGARAJAN S A K , MALAVOLTA G . Lockable signatures for blockchains: Scriptless scripts for all signatures [C ] // 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy . 2021 : 937 - 954 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

基于SM3的变色龙哈希函数及其应用