用于小样本跨语言文本分类的元对比学习框架

郭建铭; 赵彧然; 刘功申

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2024043

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用于小样本跨语言文本分类的元对比学习框架

学术论文 | 更新时间：2024-08-14

- 用于小样本跨语言文本分类的元对比学习框架
- Contrastive meta-learning framework for few-shot cross-lingual text classification
- 网络与信息安全学报 2024年10卷第3期页码：107-116
- 作者机构：
  
  上海交通大学网络空间安全学院，上海 200240
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "郭建铭（1999- ），男，江苏泰州人，上海交通大学硕士生，主要研究方向为自然语言处理。" ]
  [ "赵彧然（1998- ），男，河南安阳人，上海交通大学硕士生，主要研究方向为自然语言处理。" ]
  [ "刘功申（1974- ），男，山东聊城人，上海交通大学教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向为人工智能安全、自然语言处理、信息安全。" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金;The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2020);上海市科技计划项目;Shanghai Science and Technology Plan(22511104400)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2024043
  中图分类号： TP393
- 收稿：2023-08-09，
  
  修回：2023-12-25，
  
  纸质出版：2024-06-25
- 稿件说明：
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郭建铭, 赵彧然, 刘功申. 用于小样本跨语言文本分类的元对比学习框架[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2024, 10(3): 107-116.

GUO J M, ZHAO Y R, LIU G S. Contrastive meta-learning framework for few-shot cross-lingual text classification[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2024, 10(3): 107-116.
郭建铭, 赵彧然, 刘功申. 用于小样本跨语言文本分类的元对比学习框架[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2024, 10(3): 107-116. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2024043.

GUO J M, ZHAO Y R, LIU G S. Contrastive meta-learning framework for few-shot cross-lingual text classification[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2024, 10(3): 107-116. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2024043.

摘要

众多的安全风控问题均为文本分类问题，国际场景下的舆情分析等风控问题涉及多种语言，是一大难点。先前的研究表明，通过跨语言语义知识迁移可以显著提高小样本文本分类任务的性能。然而，跨语言文本分类的发展仍面临着一系列挑战。获得语义无关的文本表征是一项困难的任务。不同语言之间的语法结构和句法规则引起文本表征的差异，因此提取通用的语义信息较为困难。此外，跨语言文本分类的标签数据十分稀缺。在很多现实场景中，只能获得少量的标记数据，这严重降低了许多方法的性能。因此需要有效的方式能够在小样本情况下准确地迁移知识，提高分类模型的泛化能力。为应对这些挑战，提出了集成对比学习和元学习的框架，该框架集成了对比学习和元学习的优势，利用对比学习来提取与语言无关的通用语义信息，同时利用元学习快速泛化的优势来改善小样本场景中的知识迁移。此外，提出了基于任务的数据增强方法，以进一步提高所提框架在小样本跨语言文本分类中的性能。通过在两个广泛使用的多语言文本分类数据集上进行大量实验，证实了所提方法能够有效提升文本分类的准确性，可有效应用于风控安全领域。

Abstract

Many security risk control issues

such as public opinion analysis in international scenarios

have been identified as text classification problems

which are challenging due to the involvement of multiple languages. Previous studies have demonstrated that the performance of few-shot text classification tasks can be enhanced through cross-lingual semantic knowledge transfer. However

the advancement of cross-lingual text classification is faced with several challenges. Firstly

it has been found difficult to obtain language-agnostic representations that perform well in cross-lingual transfer. Moreover

the differences in grammatical structure and syntactic rules between different languages cause variations in text representation

making it difficult to extract general semantic information. Additionally

the scarcity of labeled data has been identified as a severe constraint on the performance of most existing methods. In many real-world scenarios

only a small amount of labeled data is available

which has been found to severely degrade the performance of many methods. Therefore

effective methods are needed to accurately transfer knowledge in few-shot situations and improve the generalization ability of classification models. To tackle these challenges

a novel framework was proposed that integrates contrastive learning and meta-learning. Within the framework

contrastive learning was utilized to extract general language-agnostic semantic information

while the rapid generalization advantages of meta-learning were leveraged to improve knowledge transfer in few-shot settings. Furthermore

a task-based data augmentation method was proposed to further improve the performance of the framework in few-shot cross-lingual classification. Extensive experiments conducted on two widely used multilingual text classification datasets show that the proposed method outperforms several strong baselines. This indicates that the method can be effectively applied in the field of risk control and security.

关键词

Keywords

references

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