Hierarchical multi-device authentication and key agreement protocol for industrial IoT

WU Yi; FENG Tao; LIU Chunyan; SU Chunhua

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025044

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Hierarchical multi-device authentication and key agreement protocol for industrial IoT

Topic: Cybersecurity for New Industrialization | 更新时间：2025-09-12

- Hierarchical multi-device authentication and key agreement protocol for industrial IoT
- Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security Vol. 11, Issue 4, Pages: 86-106(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.兰州理工大学计算机与通信学院，甘肃兰州 730050
  2.兰州理工大学经济与管理学院，甘肃兰州 730050
  3.日本会津大学计算机科学系，福岛会津若松 965-8580
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62162039);The Key R&D Program of of Gansu Province(24YFFA016)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025044
  CLC： TP393
- Received：09 January 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-05-16，
  
  Published：25 August 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
吴毅, 冯涛, 柳春岩, 等. 基于工业物联网的分层多设备认证密钥协商协议[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(4): 86-106.

Format: WU Y, FENG T, LIU C Y, et al. Hierarchical multi-device authentication and key agreement protocol for industrial IoT[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(4): 86-106.
吴毅, 冯涛, 柳春岩, 等. 基于工业物联网的分层多设备认证密钥协商协议[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(4): 86-106. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025044.

Format: WU Y, FENG T, LIU C Y, et al. Hierarchical multi-device authentication and key agreement protocol for industrial IoT[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(4): 86-106. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025044.

摘要

安全的认证密钥协商协议对确保工业物联网中设备节点及管理者身份的合法性、数据的机密性至关重要。然而，现有的认证密钥协商协议大多数只支持设备管理者与设备节点间一对一的密钥协商，当设备管理者需要与多个设备节点进行认证密钥协商时，此类一对一的认证密钥协商协议需要管理员重复与目标设备节点进行认证密钥协商操作，从而消耗大量的计算和通信资源。针对上述问题，提出了一种分层多设备认证密钥协商协议。首先，该协议利用椭圆曲线密码学和中国剩余定理，保证设备管理者能够一次性建立与多个设备节点间不同的会话密钥。其次，该协议采用对称同态加密技术，保证边缘节点在不知道秘密信息的前提下，帮助通信双方计算会话密钥。最后，基于随机谕言机模型和有色Petri网形式化方法对所提协议进行了安全性证明，并借助NS-3网络仿真软件模拟其在大规模设备接入场景下的通信过程，以评估其可扩展性。仿真结果表明，所提协议在保障高安全性的同时，面对大规模设备接入仍表现出良好的可扩展性与稳定性。

Abstract

A secure authentication key negotiation protocol was considered to be of vital importance for ensuring the legitimacy of device nodes and managers

as well as the confidentiality of data in the Industrial Internet of Things. However

most existing authentication key negotiation protocols were found to support only one-to-one key negotiation between device managers and device nodes. When a device manager needed to conduct authentication key negotiation with multiple device nodes

such one-to-one protocols required the administrator to repeatedly perform authentication and key negotiation operations with each target device node

thereby consuming substantial computing and communication resources. To overcome these challenges

a hierarchical multi-device authentication and key agreement protocol was proposed for industrial IoT environments. In the proposed protocol

the Chinese Remainder Theorem was employed to allow a device manager to establish multiple session keys simultaneously with different device nodes. In addition

symmetric homomorphic encryption was utilized to enable edge nodes to participate in session key computation without gaining access to the complete session key

thereby significantly reducing the risk of key exposure even if edge nodes were compromised. The security of the proposed protocol was formally analyzed using the random oracle model in conjunction with the Colored Petri Net method. Furthermore

the communication process of the protocol under large-scale device access scenarios was simulated using the NS-3 network simulation tool to assess its scalability. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol provides a high level of security and exhibits strong scalability and stability under large-scale device access conditions.

关键词

Keywords

references

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