Efficient anonymous authentication protocol for internet of vehicles based on Chinese cryptographic SM2

SU Binting; FANG He; XU Li

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025030

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Efficient anonymous authentication protocol for internet of vehicles based on Chinese cryptographic SM2

Papers | 更新时间：2025-06-30

- Efficient anonymous authentication protocol for internet of vehicles based on Chinese cryptographic SM2
- Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security Vol. 11, Issue 3, Pages: 98-108(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.福建师范大学，福建福州 350117
  2.网络安全与教育信息化福建省高校工程研究中心，福建福州 350117
  3.福建省网络安全与密码技术重点实验室，福建福州 350117
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62471139);The National Science and Technology Project Record-Centralized Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Project(2023L3007);Educational Research Projects of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Fujian Province(JAT220813)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025030
  CLC： TP393
- Received：16 October 2024，
  
  Revised：2025-02-26，
  
  Published：25 June 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
苏彬庭, 方禾, 许力. 基于国密SM2的车联网高效匿名认证协议[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(3): 98-108.

Format: SU B T, FANG H, XU L. Efficient anonymous authentication protocol for internet of vehicles based on Chinese cryptographic SM2[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(3): 98-108.
苏彬庭, 方禾, 许力. 基于国密SM2的车联网高效匿名认证协议[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(3): 98-108. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025030.

Format: SU B T, FANG H, XU L. Efficient anonymous authentication protocol for internet of vehicles based on Chinese cryptographic SM2[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(3): 98-108. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025030.

摘要

身份认证是车联网安全防护的关键，然而，现有的很多认证方案效率低且不兼容国产密码算法。为进一步提升认证效率，丰富国产密码算法在车联网领域的应用，提出了一种基于国密SM2的匿名切换认证协议。该协议结合伪身份认证机制，强化了车辆隐私信息保护，有效隐藏车辆的真实身份和行驶数据。该协议不仅融合了国产密码算法，在认证效率上也表现良好，特别在密集车辆环境下，该协议设计了一种巧妙的批量认证算法。为了验证协议性能，基于Fedora系统的QT平台，对协议的批量认证算法进行测试，测试认证车辆数为10，20，40，…，320的批量认证效率。随着认证车辆数的增加，批量认证算法展示出的效率优势越发明显，当认证车辆数达到320辆时，路侧单元（road side unit

RSU）认证效率提升了约65%，极大地减轻了RSU并发认证压力。理论和AVISPA工具实验分析证明，所设计的协议在车联网安全的自主可控性方面更有优势，不仅能够有效抵抗重放攻击和中间人攻击等攻击行为，并且在认证效率上也有显著提升，为车联网系统的身份认证提供了更为安全有效的解决方案。

Abstract

A critical component of cybersecurity protection in the internet of vehicles (IoV) was identity authentication. However

many existing authentication schemes were plagued by low efficiency and incompatibility with domestic cryptographic algorithms. To further enhance authentication efficiency and expand the application of domestic cryptographic algorithms in the IoV domain

an anonymous handover authentication protocol was designed based on the Chinese national cryptographic SM2 algorithm. A pseudo-identity authentication mechanism was integrated into the protocol to strengthen the protection of vehicle privacy information

effectively concealing vehicles’ real identities and operational data. Domestic cryptographic algorithms were incorporated into the protocol

which also demonstrated superior performance in authentication efficiency. In densely vehicle environments

an innovative batch authentication algorithm was employed by the protocol. To validate the protocol's performance

tests of the batch authentication algorithm were conducted on a QT platform based on the Fedora system

with the batch authentication efficiency for 10

⋯

320 vehicles being evaluated. As the number of authenticated vehicles increased

the efficiency advantages of the batch authentication algorithm became more pronounced. When authenticating 320 vehicles

the road side unit (RSU) verification efficiency improved by approximately 65%

significantly alleviating the concurrent authentication pressure on RSUs. Both theoretical analyses and experiments using the AVISPA tool confirm that the proposed protocol offers enhanced advantages in the autonomous controllability of IoV security. It not only effectively resists replay attacks and man-in-the-middle attacks but also achieves significant improvements in authentication efficiency

thus providing a more secure and effective identity authentication solution for IoV systems.

关键词

Keywords

references

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