Design of reputation-driven blockchain sharding consensus and incentive mechanism

TIAN Hanwen; ZHANG Shuhui; WANG Lianhai; XU Shujiang; SHAO Wei

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025002

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Design of reputation-driven blockchain sharding consensus and incentive mechanism

Papers | 更新时间：2025-03-20

- Design of reputation-driven blockchain sharding consensus and incentive mechanism
- Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security Vol. 11, Issue 1, Pages: 141-150(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.齐鲁工业大学（山东省科学院），山东省计算中心（国家超级计算济南中心），算力互联网与信息安全教育部重点实验室，山东济南 250014
  2.山东省工业网络和信息系统安全重点实验室，山东省基础科学研究中心（计算机科学），山东济南 250014
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  Taishan Scholars Program(tsqn202312231);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62102209);The Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Provincial(ZR2024MF104);Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2021CXGC010107);The New 20 Project of Higher Education of Jinan, China(202228017)
- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025002
  CLC： TP393
- Received：28 March 2024，
  
  Revised：2024-08-09，
  
  Published：25 February 2025
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
田汉文, 张淑慧, 王连海, 等. 信誉驱动的区块链分片共识及激励机制设计[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(1): 141-150.

TIAN H W, ZHANG S H, WANG L H, et al. Design of reputation-driven blockchain sharding consensus and incentive mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(1): 141-150.
田汉文, 张淑慧, 王连海, 等. 信誉驱动的区块链分片共识及激励机制设计[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2025, 11(1): 141-150. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025002.

TIAN H W, ZHANG S H, WANG L H, et al. Design of reputation-driven blockchain sharding consensus and incentive mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2025, 11(1): 141-150. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2025002.

摘要

当前，实用性拜占庭容错（PBFT，practical Byzantine fault tolerance）共识算法在区块链分片环境下面临通信复杂度高、领导节点选举随机、共识节点不安全以及共识系统缺乏激励等问题。而信誉机制可以根据节点的行为和表现进行评估和奖惩，提高系统对节点的信任度，并促进节点的积极参与和诚实行为。基于此，提出了信誉驱动的区块链分片共识及激励机制。在基于信誉管理的分片系统中，采用聚合签名技术将多个共识节点的签名合并为一个，通过信誉评估确定节点的投票权重，大大减少了通信开销并提高了共识的平等性和安全性；同时，在信誉管理下提出一种押金与激励机制，当节点初入网络时设置最低门票标准，并根据信誉值随时间逐步增加，根据节点的角色和分工的不同，采用基础奖励与有效奖励结合的激励模式，从而有效平衡节点的稳定收益和动态奖励，不断提升网络的稳定性和安全性。实验结果显示，所提共识算法R-PBFT相比PBFT，具有较小的时延和较高的吞吐量，有效地提高了系统性能；与单纯按照信誉等比分配的激励机制相比，所提激励机制具有更高的共识参与率。

Abstract

The PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) consensus algorithm was confronted with several challenges in the blockchain sharding environment

including high communication complexity

random leader election

node insecurity

and insufficient participation incentives. To address these issues

a reputation-driven blockchain sharding consensus and incentive mechanism was proposed. Reputation mechanisms were utilized to evaluate and incentivize node behavior

thereby enhancing system trust and promoting active participation. Aggregated signature technology was employed to merge consensus node signatures

and node voting weights were determined based on reputation assessments

which reduced communication overhead and improved consensus equality and security. Additionally

a deposit and incentive mechanism was introduced under reputation management

where initial entry standards were set and gradually increased over time according to reputation values. Differentiated incentive models

based on node roles

were designed to balance stable income and dynamic rewards

thereby continuously improving network stability and security. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed R-PBFT consensus algorithm outperformed the traditional PBFT

maintaining lower latency and higher throughput

which effectively enhanced system performance. Furthermore

compared to proportional incentive allocation based solely on reputation

the proposed incentive mechanism achieves higher consensus participation rates.

关键词

Keywords

references

AN J , YANG H , GUI X , et al . TCNS: node selection with privacy protection in crowdsensing based on twice consensuses of blockchain [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management , 2019 , 16 ( 3 ): 1255 - 1267 .

ZHANG M , ELIASSEN F , TAHERKORD A , et al . Demand-response games for peer-to-peer energy trading with the hyperledger blockchain [J ] . IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems , 2021 , 52 ( 1 ): 19 - 31 .

张娴 , 朱建明 , 隋智源 , 等 . 数字货币交易匿名性与监管的博弈分析 [J ] . 网络与信息安全学报 , 2022 , 8 ( 5 ): 150 - 157 .

ZHANG X , ZHUN J M , SUI Z Y , et al . Analysis on anonymity and regulation of digital currency transactions based on game theory [J ] . Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security , 2022 , 8 ( 5 ): 150 - 157 .

FERRAG M A , SHU L , CHOO K K R . Fighting COVID-19 and future pandemics with the internet of things: security and privacy perspectives [J ] . IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica , 2021 , 8 ( 9 ): 1477 - 1499 .

BEZ M , FORNARI G , VARDANEGA T . The scalability challenge of ethereum: an initial quantitative analysis [C ] // Proceedings of 2019 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented System Engineering (SOSE) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2019 : 167 - 176 .

QI X , ZHANG Z , JIN C , et al . BFT-Store: storage partition for permissioned blockchain via erasure coding [C ] // Proceedings of 2020 IEEE 36th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2020 : 1926 - 1929 .

JIA D , XIN J , WANG Z , et al . Optimized data storage method for sharding-based blockchain [J ] . IEEE Access , 2021 , 9 : 67890 - 67900 .

CASTRO M , LISKOV B . Practical byzantine fault tolerance [C ] // Proceedings of the 3th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI) . Berkeley : USENIX Association , 1999 : 173 - 186 .

唐宏 , 刘双 , 酒英豪 , 等 . 实用拜占庭容错算法的改进研究 [J ] . 计算机工程与应用 , 2022 , 58 ( 9 ) : 144 - 150 .

TANG H , LIU S , JIU Y H , et al . Improved study of practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm [J ] . Computer Engineering and Applica-tions , 2022 , 58 ( 9 ): 144 - 150 .

王梦楠 , 黄建华 , 邵兴辉 , 等 . 基于信誉的区块链分片共识方案 [J ] . 计算机科学 , 2022 , 49 ( 10 ): 297 - 309 .

WANG M N , HUANG S H , SHAO X H , et al . Reputation-based Blockchain Sharding Consensus Scheme [J ] . Computer Science , 2022 , 49 ( 10 ): 297 - 309 .

LAMPORT L , SHOSTAK R , PEASE M . The Byzantine generals problem [M ] . LAMPORT . Concurrency , 2019 : 203 - 226 .

CRAIN T , GRAMOLI V , LARREA M , et al . DBFT: efficient leaderless byzantine consensus and its application to blockchains [C ] // Proceedings of 2018 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2018 : 1 - 8 .

LARIMER D . DoPS consensus algorithm-the missing white paper [J ] . Bit Share Whitepaper , 2017 .

FU J H , ZHOU W H , XU M X , et al . New public blockchain protocol based on sharding and aggregate signatures [J ] . Journal of High Speed Networks , 2021 , 27 ( 1 ): 83 - 99 .

TONG W , DONG X W , ZHENG J W . Trust-PBFT: a peer trust-based practical byzantine consensus algorithm [C ] // Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA) . Piscataway : IEEE Press , 2019 : 344 - 349 .

陈苏明 , 王冰 , 陈玉全 , 等 . 基于节点分组信誉模型的改进PBFT共识算法 [J ] . 计算机应用研究 , 2023 , 40 ( 10 ): 2916 - 2921 .

CHEN S M , WANG B , CHEN Y Q , et al . Improved PBFT consensus algorithm based on node grouping reputation model [J ] . Application Research of Computers , 2023 , 40 ( 10 ): 2916 - 2921 .

GAO S , YU T , ZHU J , et al . T-PBFT: an eigentrust-based practical Byzantine fault tolerance consensus algorithm [J ] . China Communications , 2019 , 16 ( 12 ): 111 - 123 .

YANG X Y , PENG C G , YANG H , et al . Rational PBFT consensus algorithm with evolutionary game [J ] . Computer Science , 2022 , 49 ( 3 ): 360 - 370 .

MANSHAEI M H , JADLIWALA M , MAITI A , et al . A game-theoretic analysis of shard-based permissionless blockchains [J ] . IEEE Access , 2018 , 6 : 78100 - 78112 .

CHEN C , MA Q , CHEN X , et al . User distributions in shard-based blockchain network: queueing modeling, game analysis, and protocol design [C ] // Proceedings of the Twenty-second International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing . 2021 : 221 - 230 .

周健 , 张杰 , 闫石 , 等 . 基于动态信任的区块链激励共识机制研究 [J ] . 计算机应用研究 , 2021 , 38 ( 11 ): 3231 - 3235+3248 .

ZHOU J , ZHANG J , YAN S , et al . Study on consensus mechanism of blockchain motivation based on dynamic trust [J ] . Application Research of Computers , 2021 , 38 ( 11 ) : 3231 - 3235+3248 .

ZHANG S , TIAN H , WANG L , et al . A reputation-based dynamic reorganization scheme for blockchain network sharding [J ] . Connection Science , 2024 , 36 ( 1 ): 2327438 .

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Ring adaptor signature scheme based on SM2 digital signature algorithm

Survey of decentralized public key infrastructure

Chameleon hash function based on SM3 and its applications

Blockchain smart contract vulnerability detection based on GR algorithm

Distributed computing power trading scheme based on trustworthiness assessment

Related Author

Xu Xinyue

Xu Shujiang

Wang Lianhai

Zhang Shuhui

Shao Wei

Wang Qizheng

SHI Chaoming

YAN Zheng

Related Institution

Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science

Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)

Shield Lab, Trustworthiness Lab, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Network, Xidian University, Xi’ an

School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’ an

⁰