Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on additive homomorphic encryption and multi-MSB embedding

Wenqian XIAO; Gaobo YANG; Dewang WANG; Ming XIA

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2023058

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Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on additive homomorphic encryption and multi-MSB embedding

Papers | 更新时间：2024-06-03

- Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on additive homomorphic encryption and multi-MSB embedding
- Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security Vol. 9, Issue 4, Pages: 121-133(2023)
- 作者机构：
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- DOI：10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2023058
  CLC： TP393
- Online First：2023-08，
  
  Published：25 August 2023
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Wenqian XIAO, Gaobo YANG, Dewang WANG, et al. Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on additive homomorphic encryption and multi-MSB embedding[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2023, 9(4): 121-133.
DOI：

Wenqian XIAO, Gaobo YANG, Dewang WANG, et al. Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on additive homomorphic encryption and multi-MSB embedding[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2023, 9(4): 121-133. DOI： 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2023058.

摘要

密文域图像可逆信息隐藏将图像加密和可逆信息隐藏相结合，可提升图像网络传输的安全性和信息传输效率。然而，对于密文图像可逆信息隐藏，常规的逐位流加密会破坏图像的空间相关性，影响预留嵌入空间。提出基于加法同态加密与多高位嵌入的加密域图像可逆信息隐藏方法，通过加密预留空间。将原始图像划分为无重叠的块，同一个块采用相同的密钥进行加法同态加密，尽可能地将原始图像子块内像素相关性转移到加密后图像对应的子块中。为了提升安全性，加密后的图像再逐块进行 Arnold 置乱。依据块内像素与预测值之间的差值，确定该块是否嵌入信息及嵌入容量。对于可嵌入的块，利用少量的像素低位保存预测差值以保证图像可逆，冗余的多高位则以位替换的方式嵌入秘密信息。针对多高位预测可能错误的问题，设计一个依据预测差值大小腾出高位的嵌入位置选择策略，使得越接近的像素值能预留越多的高位空间。在解密阶段，秘密信息能够无误地从子块内像素的多高位提取，图像内容也能根据嵌入的多高位的数量、预测值以及预测差值实现无损恢复。实验结果表明，所提方法对广泛使用的 BOWS-2 数据集的图像平均嵌入容量可达2.58 bit/pixel，优于其他的同类方法。

Abstract

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images (RDHEI) combines image encryption and reversible data hiding to improve the security and information transmission efficiency for the network transmission of images.In RDHEI

the conventional bit-by-bit encryption destroys the spatial correlation in an original image and has side effects on the preservation of embedding spaces.An approach for RHDEI was proposed

which utilized additive homomorphic encryption and a multi-MSB (Most Significant Bit) embedding strategy to create room within the encryption process.The original image was divided into non-overlapped blocks

and each block was subjected to the same key for additive homomorphic encryption.This helped transfer the pixel correlation within an original block to the encrypted image block as much as possible.To enhance security

the encrypted image was further subjected to an Arnold transformation on a block-by-block basis.The decision of whether data will be embedded in a block and the embedding capacity were determined by the pixel differences within the block and the predicted values.When a block was selected for embedding

a small number of LSBs (Least Significant Bits) were used to store the prediction differences

ensuring reversibility.The redundant multi-MSBs were embedded with secret information by bit replacement.For the possible errors caused by multi-MSBs prediction

an embedding position selection strategy was designed by vacating MSBs in terms of the values of prediction errors

then more MSBs were reserved for those pixels with less prediction errors.During decryption

the secret information can be accurately extracted from the multiple MSBs of the pixels in a block

and the image content can be losslessly recovered using the number of embedded multi-MSBs

predicted values

and prediction differences.Experimental results on the BOWS-2 image dataset demonstrate that the average embedding capacity is improved to 2.58 bit/pixel

surpassing existing methods.

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references

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